- Câu hỏi 738350:
Read the text and choose the best answer.
The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
The word "incriminated" is closest in meaning to
A. eliminated
B. blamed
C. investigated
D. produced
- Câu hỏi 6946:
Read the text and answer the question.
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the case might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate.
The word “itself” refers to
A. any class of objects
B. the concept of abstract numbers
C. the total
D. setting a table
- Câu hỏi 113842:
Read the text and decide that the statement is True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
The lake was shallow, and during the nearly 200 years until 1519, the Aztecs expanded the inhabited area by land refill and the creation of artificial islands. Canals were dug for the transportation of goods and people. Aqueducts were constructed to bring drinking water from natural springs outside the city, dams to protect it against floods, and causeways and bridges to connect the city with the shore. There were many houses, palaces, temples, squares, markets and even a zoo. Perhaps the most striking construction of this period is the Templo Mayor, a double pyramid which still survives. As the capital of an empire stretching from Texas to Honduras, Tenochtitlan was a magnificent and important city. When the Spanish arrived, they called it the 'Venice of the New World'.
The Spanish began their conquest of Mexico in 1519 and came close to Tenochtitlan the same year. In 1521, they took control of it, after fierce fighting that destroyed most of the city. A new capital, with a new name, was built on the ruins, using Spanish architectural styles. One part of the lake was filled in to join the island to the shore, and Mexico City became the capital of the wealthiest colony in the Americas, the centre of trade between Spain and China.
The Aztec inhabitants of Tenochtitlan left when the city was conquered
- Câu hỏi 113847:
Read the text and choose the best answer.
One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi's emergence as one of 's preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world.
Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned during the literature and art. Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo Picasso and Miro. The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as well as Gaudi. Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world. This has sometimes been referred to as the “Catalan Mind.” Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming together and co-existing amicably.
This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and techniques he employed in his architecture. Much of his work can be seen in , where his structures are known as a fine representation of modernism. He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often associated with his own unique style of design. All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen.
Which city is primarily associated with Gaudi today?
A. Barcelona
B. Berlin
C. Spain
D. Castilia
- Câu hỏi 113849:
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Western people rely on technical and mechanical solutions in everything they do. Refrigerators preserve their food, washing machines clean their underwear and computers are supposed to solve all their problems. When they are ill, they rely on the surgeon’s knife. If their hearts are running down, then they must be repaired, if they cannot be repaired, they should be replaced, just as an old car sometimes gets a new engine. But up to now we have had a shortage of donors to give their hearts, to keep one person alive, another donor had to die.
Nowadays there is more and more talk about using monkeys. Every monkey has a near-human heart, and humans have always been over careful in respecting the lives and well-being of other animals. This includes the life and well-being of other humans. Therefore, in the early years of the 22nd century - It was told the mass killings of monkeys may occur. We’ll need to use their hearts for human consumption.
Monkeys, on the whole, are happier creatures than their near relatives, Homo sapiens, or man. They know fear, of course, and they face real dangers, but they are also more intelligent than us. They create no unnecessary dangers for themselves, they run no businesses, chase no money, are unimpressed by gold – that utterly useless metal, and they do not care at all about hell or evil spirits. I have a vague feeling that it is not monkeys’ hearts that we ought to implant in ourselves, but monkeys’ brains.
Monkeys are more stupid than humans because they always create unnecessary dangers for themselves…
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. NOT GIVEN
- Câu hỏi 113851:
Read the text and decide that the statement is True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
In the 18th century, too, many new buildings were constructed. It was a prosperous period, when the new aristocracy paid for splendid buildings, banquets and balls, not to mention the latest fashions from Europe.
The rise of Napoleon in the early 19th century led to political changes throughout Europe. An uprising took place in Mexico in l810, with the aim of ending rule from Spain. This goal was finally achieved in 1821, when Mexico City briefly became the capital of the Mexican Empire. Since 1823, it has been the capital of the Republic of Mexico, apart from a short period, from 1863 to 1867, when the country was again an empire.
Spanish rule of Mexico ended in 1810.
- Câu hỏi 113859:
Read the text and choose the best answer.
The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.
How do vitamins influence health?
A. They are broken down by cells to produce energy.
B. They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
C. They protect the body from microbes
D. They keep food from spoiling.
- Câu hỏi 113867:
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat-belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary.
In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage.
What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival
B. Procedures for evacuating aircraft
C. Safety instructions in air travel
D. Airline industry accident statistics
- Câu hỏi 113868:
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat-belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary.
In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage.
It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if they…
A. read airline safety statistics.
B. wear a safety belt.
C. don’t smoke in or near a plane.
D. keep their heads low.
- Câu hỏi 113869:
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the 'Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to be seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of the future.
The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the 'Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerised typewriters, but the introduction of the 'Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video. A Web site consists of a 'home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related 'pages' at the site and to thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called 'hypertext'. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the 'Net' can go travelling, or 'surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.
Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by anyone organisation. It is, perhaps, true to say that no-one and therefore everyone owns the 'Net'. Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended – discovery and delight.
What would the next paragraph to follow the passage probably be about?
A. The future of the Internet
B. The cost of using the Internet
C. Advertising on the World Wide Web
D. Abuse of the Internet by youth
