When a subordinating conjunction starts a sentence, the ................

............................................should follow the subordinate clause and follow a comma.

When two ideas have complex relationships, you should put the more important idea in an independent sentence, the sentence that could stand alone, and the less important idea in ......................

..............................which is dependent on the independent sentence.

In order to join ideas in a sentence, you can use a participle: a present participle (v-ing) or a past participle (v-ed) to open a sentence ....................................................... You can also use a present participle to end a sentence too:

You would ............................your essay where in the first paragraph of the body you would define “open” using as many methods as seem necessary to make your meaning clear.

If you want to write an essay on the topic “ Is Hanoi Open University an open or traditional university?” you would do well to make sure that .........................

....................................your readers what you mean by “open” or/ and “traditional”.

It is important that synonyms do not change the register. For example, firm is a good synonym for company, but boss is ................

................................. for manager.

Definition essays that answer the question “what is....?” and/or “What is ... like?” aim to approach a term/ subject with more .............

........................................than the efficient, short dictionary definition has.

In order ....................................in your writing for the reader to follow your ideas easily, you should use transitions to link them together.

The body deals with main parts/ aspects/qualities... of the term reflecting your judgment, point of view. Usually there are three paragraphs, ...............................

......................... one of the parts of your definition.

To .............................................a reader, a writer must choose language that clearly conveys what he or she is trying to say.

The different categories of the topic which are presented one after another must follow one organizing principle and be arranged usually from ...............................................

.......................................................

...........................................

When you have two ideas next to each other and if they are of equal importance and related to each other, you do not need to use a period to separate them, you can put them together by ...................

.................................................: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.

Before writing a classification essay, you should identify the subject and study it thoroughly by ..................................................

.......................................all the categories it may have on the basis of a single principle for classification you have selected.

Remember that .........................

........................................, illustrate your arguments with specific examples, facts, or incidents. Merely using synonyms makes definition go round in circles because it avoids being specific.

When a problem arises, we use this method of reasoning .............. .............. the causes for it and also to analyze – predict its results or effects.

When you use causal analysis, you must avoid oversimplification and .............................................

...........that an effect may be the consequence of two or more causes or a chain of causes.

A necessary cause cannot produce the effect but must be present for the effect to occur. A contributory cause can not produce the effect by itself but may ............

........................................................

The pronoun which can be used to .....................................which has already been stated before in a sentence.

When there are two nouns before which you should reconstruct your sentence so that which comes close to its antecedent. Or the sentence can be reconstructed, which being replaced .......................................

................................................... ......................make a demand for some action. For example, an argument against smoking cigarettes might conclude that the government should ban smoking, if not everywhere, then at least in public places.