When two ideas have complex relationships, you should put the more important idea in an independent sentence, the sentence that could stand alone, and the less important idea in ......................

..............................which is dependent on the independent sentence.

Definition essays that answer the question “what is....?” and/or “What is ... like?” aim to approach a term/ subject with more .............

........................................than the efficient, short dictionary definition has.

It is important that synonyms do not change the register. For example, firm is a good synonym for company, but boss is ................

................................. for manager.

If you want to write an essay on the topic “ Is Hanoi Open University an open or traditional university?” you would do well to make sure that .........................

....................................your readers what you mean by “open” or/ and “traditional”.

You would ............................your essay where in the first paragraph of the body you would define “open” using as many methods as seem necessary to make your meaning clear.

In order to join ideas in a sentence, you can use a participle: a present participle (v-ing) or a past participle (v-ed) to open a sentence ....................................................... You can also use a present participle to end a sentence too:

When a subordinating conjunction starts a sentence, the ................

............................................should follow the subordinate clause and follow a comma.

Another ............................ alternative you can use is by using they, they can refer to one person, or by using a plural noun:

In writing a cause and effect essay, we will require examining the topic carefully ........................................., finding out the cause-effect relations in it.

. Chain organization may ...........

....................................... the first cause and its effect, and the effect becomes a second cause that leads to some effect, the development making a “chain” relationship.

In a cause and effect essay, all causes are discussed as a block, and then all of the effects/ results are mentioned together ........................

An essay becomes an argument when it .......................................... You must decide which side to the issue you stand on.

Making ........................................

..................................................is a common method of exposition. We need compare and contrast two things, items, or people of like nature to determine the superiority of one thing over the other.

.........................................., you should replace it with an appropriate word (a repetition, a synonym or a general word), a group of words or even a clause, they with specific words.

When a student is learning to write in English, .................................. makes mistakes at first.

The concluding paragraph brings the essay to an end that flows ....... ....................................... from the rest of the essay. It does not cut off the reader abruptly. The way to write the concluding paragraph for argument is like the way to conclude the essay of other kinds.

Using pronouns in writing you should always use a pronoun to refer clearly to a noun that has already been used; in other words, the pronoun reference must be clear so that ......................................

.......................which noun is replacing.

................................................... ......................make a demand for some action. For example, an argument against smoking cigarettes might conclude that the government should ban smoking, if not everywhere, then at least in public places.

When there are two nouns before which you should reconstruct your sentence so that which comes close to its antecedent. Or the sentence can be reconstructed, which being replaced .......................................

The pronoun which can be used to .....................................which has already been stated before in a sentence.