Sam was born in ...... but grew ...... in California. At 18, he went to ...... and ...... Ann. They fell in ...... but split ...... soon. Later, he got ...... to Marie and had a baby. Sadly, the marriage was ......and they divorced. Marie ......and is having a second baby.
recoverups and downsathletesmotivatedafraidrhythmtherapeutic
Read the text and do the activities that follow.
Music is Good for You
1 Do you need to get off the sofa and go to the gym? If you want to get motivated to exercise, try listening to your favorite songs or to dance music. Psychologists at Brunel Univeristy in London say that certain types of music help people to get started and also to exercise for a longer time. People who listen to music exercise for 13 percent longer than people who don’t. International athletes often listen to music when they are training.
2 Doctors know about the therapeutic effects of music. Listening to music can help people recover after operations. Teachers should pay attention, too. In a study at the University of California, students who took a test while listening to a Mozart sonata scored 30 percent higher than students who took the test in silence.
3 Music also relaxes people after a stressful day. Pauline Etkin, director of a music therapy center in London, says that throughout life’s ups and downs, people always respond to music. When someone is nervous or afraid, it can make them feel better. “Music’s rhythm is closely linked with the rhythms of the body,” she says.
Find a word in the Reading Text that means the following. = paragraph number)
Read the passage and circle the correct choice (A, B, C or D)
Passage 1
In 1881, a new type of weed began spreading across the northern Great Plains. Unlike other weeds, the tumbleweed did not spend its life rooted to the soil; instead, it tumbled and rolled across fields in the wind. The weed had sharp, spiny leaves that could lacerate the flesh of ranchers and horses alike. It exploited the vast area of the plains, thriving in regions too barren to support other plants. With its ability to generate and disseminate numerous seeds quickly, it soon became the scourge of the prairies.
To present-day Americans, the tumbleweed symbolizes the Old West. They read the Zane Grey novels in which tumbleweeds drift across stark western landscapes and see classic western movies in which tumbleweeds share scenes with cowboys and covered wagons. Yet just over a century ago, the tumbleweed was a newcomer. The first sign of the invasion occurred in North and South Dakota in the late 1870s.
Farmers had noticed the sudden appearance of the new, unusual weed. One group of immigrants, however, did not find the weed at all unfamiliar. The tumbleweed, it turns out, was a native of southern Russia, where it was known as Tartar thistle. It was imported to the United States by unknown means.
Frontier settlers gave the plants various names: saltwort, Russian cactus, and wind witch. But botanists at the Department of Agriculture preferred the designation Russian thistle as the plant’s common name. However, these botanists had a much harder time agreeing on the plant’s scientific name. In general, botanists compare a plant to published accounts of similar plants, or to samples kept as specimens. Unfortunately, no book described the weed and no samples existed in herbaria in the United States.
The passage suggests that most present-day Americans
A. believe tumbleweeds are newcomers to the United States.
B. have never heard of tumbleweeds.
C. don’t know when tumbleweeds came to North America.