Lý thuyết dịch - EN43 (38)

Translators usually have to deal with six different problematic areas in their work, .....................

..................they are translating technical documents or a sworn statement.

Furthermore, the fourth device —substitution— is marked by

the use of nouns, verbs or clauses ......................................... ...................................previously presented.

.

The process of ................................

........................in a target language involves both lexico-grammatical and pragmatic analysis.

........................................, the theory of translation should be a branch of comparative linguistics. His approach was purely linguistic and textual.

Technical translation is a type of  involving the  of documents ............................................ (, , etc.), or more specifically, texts which relate to technological subject areas or texts which deal with the practical application of scientific and technological information.

Literal translation ....................

.................word to word; group to group; collocation to collocation; clause to clause; sentence to sentence. The smaller the unit, the commoner the approach, following the basic translation procedures.

Transliteration is the process rendering the letters of one alphabet in terms of the letters of another with a different alphabetical system. In transcription the pronunciation of ................................................is transcribed in the alphabetical system of the Target Language.

While the presence of specialized  is a feature of technical texts, specialized terminology alone is not ...............

............................ classifying a text as "technical" since numerous disciplines and subjects which are not "technical" possess what can be regarded as specialized terminology

A world of ............................... .............................needs translators that beside their specialized

knowledge in the two languages, they should also experience intercultural competence.

As in the case of referential cohesive devices, the translator also ................................................the strategy of deletion while translating the condi-

tional conjunction "even if".

There are also omissions, partial equivalences and even complete alterations of ................................

..............................................in the ST.

Similarly to pronoun reference, the cohesive device of conjunction proves ........................................

............................... of the Target Text.

Furthermore, words such as hence and so indicate that there is a preceding segment of text presenting a cause or reason, and ...

......................................................

Translators need .................... ...................................................that help to achieve their goals in

enhancing communication across different nations.

Finally, pragmatic understanding is related to .................................... ........................................In

that case, the target does not state what is transferred, but it states the requirement of the

process.

The device of substitution was not extensively used' in either text. Only the ST employed it once, .........................................

In regard to reference, the Target Text tends .................................

.............................................that are equivalent to the ones used in the Source Text.

The distinctive relationship between .......................................................is established by the ability

of translation to approximate a multilingual communication to a monolingual one.

.

The ideational is subdivided into two components, i.e., “experiential” and “logical”. They convey ............

Thematic structure includes Theme and Thematic

progression patterns, information structure includes ....................................................and cohesion includes reference, conjunction, ellipsis and lexical cohesion.